The alligator gar (Atractosteus spatula) is the largest species in the gar family and one of the largest freshwater fishes in North America. It is a euryhaline, ray-finned fish from the clade Ginglymodi, with origins dating back over 100 million years to the Early Cretaceous. With a torpedo-shaped body and tough ganoid scales, it resembles a floating log, making it an expert ambush predator. It has two rows of sharp teeth on the upper jaw and preys primarily on fish, but may also consume turtles, birds, small mammals, and even crabs.
Scientific Name
Atractosteus spatula
Habitat
Freshwater rivers, lakes, bayous, and occasionally brackish coastal waters in North and Central America
Conservation
Not currently endangered but locally threatened due to habitat loss, overfishing, and pollution
Lifespan
50–70 years in the wild (documented cases up to 94 years in captivity)
Fun Fact
Alligator gars have ganoid scales that are so tough they were once used by Native Americans as arrowheads and breastplates.
Diet
Carnivorous; primarily fish (like carp, shad, buffalo), but also turtles, blue crabs, birds, and small mammals
Average Size
Typically 2–2.5 meters (6.5–8.2 feet); can weigh over 130 kg (300 lbs)
Location / Placement info
Displayed in the Coastal Reef Exhibit, near the Ocean-View Tunnel
FAQ
What is the lifespan of an Alligator Gar?
Alligator Gar can live up to 50 years in the wild and about 20–30 years in captivity with proper care.
How big can an Alligator Gar grow?
Adult Alligator Gars can reach lengths of up to 10 feet (3 meters) and weigh over 300 pounds (140 kg)
What does the Alligator Gar eat?
Alligator Gars are carnivores. They eat fish, birds, turtles, and even small mammals near the water surface.
Can Alligator Gar be kept in an aquarium?
Keeping Alligator Gar in home aquariums is not recommended due to their massive size and predatory nature.
What type of water does Alligator Gar live in?
Alligator Gar is euryhaline, meaning it can survive in freshwater, brackish, and saltwater, though it prefers slow-moving freshwater.
Is Alligator Gar dangerous to humans?
Alligator Gars are not considered dangerous to humans but can be aggressive if provoked or threatened.
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